• Learn the imperative of the present system and practice with the exercises below.
• Learn how to inflect nominal stems (nouns and adjectives) that end in s and other unchanging consonant-stems, as well as “radical” stems that end in ī and ū.
• Learn how to recognize, form, and understand governing compounds (upapada-tatpuruṣa compounds).

This vocabulary list is also available as a Quizlet set.

1. Imperatives

Translate each sentence in the singular, dual, and plural.

1. Bring the book.
2. Eat.
3. Leave it.
4. Take it.
5. Teach.
6. Listen.
7. Study.
8. Speak.
9. Try.
10. Cook.
11. Come.
12. Stay.
13. Be.
14. Do.
15. Place.

Translate these third-person verbs in the singular, dual, and plural.

1. Let him/her/them protect us.
2. Let him/her/them study.
3. Let him/her/them give.
4. Let him/her/them listen.
5. Let him/her/them wait.
6. Let him/her/them enjoy.
7. Let him/her/them do.
8. Let him/her/them burn.
9. Let him/her/them obtain.
10. Let him/her/them sell.

2. Nouns

Give the requested forms of the following noun phrases. Use s-stem nouns where possible.

1. A long life (nom.)
2. Hearts and minds (nom.)
3. With this ghee (instr.)
4. May you be long-lived (nom.).
5. A good-hearted man (acc.)
6. When the mind is calm (prasanna-) (loc. abs.)
7. When the ghee blazes (loc. abs.)
8. Of a good heart (gen.)
9. In the clear waters (loc.)
10. With the waters (instr.) of the river
11. Of the minds (gen.) of the priests (gen.)
12. In a single mind (loc.)

3. Sanskrit-to-English

Note: some of these sentences use upapada-tatpuruṣaḥ compounds. You should be able to recognize them based on the vocabulary you’ve already had and the examples we’ve gone over in class.

1. rājñō yajña r̥tvijaḥ sumanōbhyō dēvēbhyaḥ sarpiṣā yajantu
2. na śaknōmīti yūnōktē punar yatasvēti guruṇōktam
3. yadā kaścit kṣauti tadā dīrghāyur ēdhīti brūṣva
   • Note: √kṣu is an irregular 2nd-class verb that means “sneeze” (which irregularly takes vr̥ddhi rather than guṇa in the strong forms).
   • Another option: ... tadā dīrghāyur astv iti brūṣva
4. kō bhavatyā manasy astīti pr̥cchatīṣu anyāsv arōdīt strī
5. vēdāṅgāny adhīṣvēti cētasi guruvacanaṁ smr̥tvā hr̥dayasthāny aṅgāny akurvata śiṣyāḥ
6. sahasraśākhaṁ vēdam adhītya cētasi rakṣantu taṁ aṅgavidō brāhmaṇāḥ
7. yā pustakasthā vidyā naiva sā vidyā buddhimantō buddhisthaiva vidyēti manyantē
8. tasmāddhētōḥ śiṣyāḥ pustakāni kṣiptvā manasa ēva paṭhata
9. brūhi sarvajña gurō kiyad āyur asti mamēti
10. diśaṁ paśyēti mama suhr̥dōktē tasyāṁ diśi kiñcid āgacchad dr̥ṣṭvā bhētum ārabhē

• Hitōpadēśaḥ 1.93 (s-stems)
• Kuvalayānandaḥ 123 (s-stems)
• Abhijñānaśakuntam 5.4 (s-stems)
• Kāvyādarśaḥ 2.135 (imperatives)
• Nītisāraḥ 2 (imperatives)