• Understand the formation of the future stem from the verbal root. Practice with the exercise below.

This vocabulary list is also available as a Quizlet set.

Here is a Quizlet set containing the roots and future stems (third person singular forms) of the verbs that you’ve covered so far.

1. Verb practice

Translate these short sentences into Sanskrit using the (conjugational) future tense.

1. When will we (pl.) know?
2. They (du.) will do it tomorrow.
3. What will she think?
4. He will sleep.
5. They (pl.) will not be able.
6. A son will be born to you.
7. You (pl.) will give it to them (pl).
8. Śiva will destroy the city.
9. You (sg.) will not remember.
10. I will never use that word.
11. She will fear no-one.
12. We will eat at evening.
13. What will we (du.) do tomorrow?
14. In the coming days you (pl.) will know.
15. Who will protect us?

2. More verb practice

Repeat the above exercise, but use the periphrastic future rather than the conjugational future.

3. Noun practice

Translate the following phrases into Sanskrit in the case-forms specified. (For “his,” “her,” “my,” etc., use genitive case-forms of either the personal or demonstrative pronouns.)

1. For my brother (dat.sg.)
2. For my parents (dat.du.)
3. Three sisters (nom.pl.)
4. Among three sisters (loc.pl.)
5. His one brother (acc.sg.)
6. Her four brothers (acc.pl.)
7. Our fathers (nom.pl.)
8. Our parents (nom.du.)
9. Of the mother (gen.sg.)
10. For my mother (dat.sg.)
11. By the two sisters (instr.du.)
12. Among the brothers and sisters (loc.pl.)

4. Sanskrit-to-English

1. pitarau naitad vēdiṣyataḥ
2. idānīṁ na jānē śvas tv adhītya jñāsyē
3. ētasmin rājani śāsati nāpatsyatē kiñcit
4. putrastē janiṣyata iti rājaputrīṁ gurur avadat
5. mātar asmākaṁ bhrātr̥ṣu gacchatsu kiṁ bhaviṣyati
6. rājñaḥ sarvaṁ vittaṁ hr̥tvā trayō bhrātarō gantāraḥ
7. bhaviṣyanty alpabuddhir na gaṇayiṣyati
8. adhanēbhyaḥ kiñcid dāsyāmīti na kadācid rājā vaktā
9. nagaraṁ gatvā mama vastūni vikrīya grāmē mahad gr̥haṁ krēṣyāmi
10. śakyam iti yāvan na maṁsyatē tāvan na kariṣyatē puruṣaḥ
    • Note that yāvat and tāvat (introduced in lesson 14) can mean “for as long as... for so long,” and when a negative appears in the yāvat clause, it is the equivalent of “until” (literally “for as long as it is not the case that...”).